{"id":137496,"date":"2024-02-28T09:57:19","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T09:57:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pbctoday.co.uk\/news\/?p=137496"},"modified":"2024-04-10T14:06:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-10T13:06:49","slug":"has-iso-answered-what-is-a-digital-twin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pbctoday.co.uk\/news\/digital-construction-news\/bim-news\/has-iso-answered-what-is-a-digital-twin\/137496\/","title":{"rendered":"Has ISO answered, \u201cwhat is a digital twin?\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The new BS ISO\/IEC 30173 standard aims to formalise the key elements of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalconstructiontoday.com\/tag\/digital-twins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital twin<\/a>. Dan Rossiter FCIAT, built environment sector lead at the Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists examines the standard\u2019s definitions<\/h2>\n<p>For at least the past five years, the built environment, as well as other economic sectors, has been investigating ways of using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalconstructiontoday.com\/tag\/digital-twins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital twins<\/a>. However, several activities to bring stakeholders together have been thwarted by a lack of consensus in relation to what a digital twin is.<\/p>\n<p>Earlier this year BSI, the UK\u2019s national standards body, published <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/digital-twin-concepts-and-terminology?version=standard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS ISO\/IEC 30173<\/a>. This standard looks to formalise some of the key concepts that constitute what a digital twin is, as well as some key terms and definitions.<\/p>\n<h3>So, what is a digital twin?<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/digital-twin-concepts-and-terminology?version=standard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS ISO\/IEC 30173<\/a>\u00a0provides a definition:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Digital twin<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Digital representation of a target entity with data connections that enable convergence between the physical and digital states at an appropriate rate of synchronisation.<\/p>\n<p>[Source: ISO\/IEC 30173:2023, 3.1.1]<\/p>\n<p>While this definition is helpful, it is also quite complex. So let\u2019s break it down.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Target entity.<\/strong> The target entity, simply put, is the subject of the digital twin. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbctoday.co.uk\/news\/projects\/old-trafford-development-delivering-80-affordable-homes-begins-work\/137441\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS ISO\/IEC 30173<\/a> describes these as being \u201creal\u201d things like components, assets, systems and processes. The subject is then observed through data connections like sensors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Digital representation.<\/strong> The digital representation is the digital version of the target entity. Depending on the subject, the way it is digitally represented may change.<\/p>\n<p>For example, it may be useful to represent the shape of a component graphically (ie, 3D model) but a process or system may need to be represented more conceptually (eg, as a diagram or a model notation).<\/p>\n<p>Much like with BIM, digital twins aren\u2019t about 3D models; they are about the bi-directional exchange of pertinent information.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Convergence.<\/strong> Perhaps, subtly, the most significant part. Convergence is the act of coming together. In this instance, convergence can be achieved in three different ways:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The digital representation changes to reflect the target entity. Example: A component, which is being tracked, is moved. Once in its new position, its location is updated with new coordinates.<\/li>\n<li>The target entity changes to reflect the digital representation. Example: Someone sets a thermostat which is monitoring a living room; the thermostat triggers the room to warm up.<\/li>\n<li>Both the digital representation and target entity change to meet in the middle. Example: A complex algorithm behind a series of interconnect digital twins may influence several entities and representations concurrently.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>An appropriate rate of synchronisation.<\/strong> The idea that this convergence occurs as often as needed. For use cases relating to life safety, (near) real-time may be a requirement. However, for other use cases this convergence would happen less frequently.<\/p>\n<h3>So is [X] a digital twin?<\/h3>\n<p>Maybe? Let\u2019s use an example, the Met Office Weather Map. If I go to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metoffice.gov.uk<\/a>, I can see a digital representation of the UK weather system in the form of an interactive map.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/weather\/learn-about\/how-forecasts-are-made\/observations\/weather-stations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weather stations<\/a>, like <a href=\"https:\/\/wow.metoffice.gov.uk\/observations\/details\/20240221njoc73qo4ee67kyhyyguw4mw6h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BrentfordTW8<\/a>, provide a data connection by sending weather data to the <a href=\"https:\/\/wow.metoffice.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Met Office\u2019s Weather Observations website.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>This data connection allows the data behind the interactive map to converge with observed data, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/weather\/guides\/14-day-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at an hourly rate<\/a>. As such, it appears that the Met Office Weather Map is a digital twin, as defined within <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/digital-twin-concepts-and-terminology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS ISO\/IEC 30173<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>So there we have it. Hopefully, standards such as <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/digital-twin-concepts-and-terminology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS ISO\/IEC 30173<\/a>\u00a0can provide the support needed to help stakeholders come together to talk about digital twins in a more consistent manner.<\/p>\n<p>In doing so, we can look to advance their application within the built environment, alongside other innovations such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalconstructiontoday.com\/tag\/artificial-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">artificial intelligence<\/a>, robots and cyber-physical systems.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps next time someone begins to discuss digital twins with you, you might think to check them against <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/digital-twin-concepts-and-terminology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS ISO\/IEC 30173<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dan Rossiter FCIAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Built environment sector lead<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists<\/p>\n<p>Tel: +44 (0)20 7278 2206<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.architecturaltechnology.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.architecturaltechnology.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ciatechnologist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">X<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/chartered-institute-of-architectural-technologists-ciat-\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIATechnologist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/CIATechnologist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ciatechnologist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instagram<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"mk-custom-module-container\">\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The new BS ISO\/IEC 30173 standard aims to formalise the key elements of a digital twin. Dan Rossiter FCIAT, built environment sector lead at the Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists examines the standard\u2019s definitions. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":137497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[305],"tags":[172826,172720],"stakeholder_rel_tag":[],"contributor_rel_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-137496","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bim-news","8":"tag-bim-today-march-2024","9":"tag-digital-twins"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Has ISO 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