{"id":35223,"date":"2017-09-26T11:46:13","date_gmt":"2017-09-26T10:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pbctoday.co.uk\/news\/?p=35223"},"modified":"2017-09-26T11:56:39","modified_gmt":"2017-09-26T10:56:39","slug":"accounting-for-movement-of-concrete-bricks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pbctoday.co.uk\/news\/planning-construction-news\/accounting-for-movement-of-concrete-bricks\/35223\/","title":{"rendered":"Accounting for Movement of Concrete Bricks"},"content":{"rendered":"

Premier Guarantee Technical Standards Manager, John Gilbert, highlights the measures you can take to account for movement of concrete bricks in your projects<\/h2>\n

A huff and a puff may not have been able to move the house made of bricks, but unfortunately in the real world there may be more movement in your brick-built properties than you may think.<\/p>\n

All building materials move in one way or another, either from drying shrinkage, moisture movement (absorption and drying out), thermal effects or structural movement. Concrete bricks are not unique in this respect.<\/p>\n

\"ConcreteTypes of Movement\u00a0of Concrete Bricks<\/h3>\n

Movement in a structure can arise from the effects of:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Thermal influences.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Shrinkage and moisture movement characteristics of the external masonry.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Changes in the orientation or shape of a building.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Site practice.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Type and grade of mortar.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Incorrect storage and protection of materials.<\/p>\n

The tendency for all concrete products is to shrink slightly over time and when drying out, although they may revert back to near their original size when subject to moisture. Like all materials, they are also subject to thermal movement. Consequently, the location of movement joints is to define the most appropriate position to accommodate this movement of concrete bricks while considering the aesthetic, practical and structural factors.<\/p>\n

\"ConcreteShrinkage<\/h3>\n

Concrete shrinkage is due primarily to the shrinkage of the hardened cement paste. The type and amount of aggregate can affect the amount of shrinkage in a concrete bricks performance.<\/p>\n

Sandstone Aggregate:<\/strong> Typical one-year shrinkage @ 0.116%.<\/p>\n

Granite Aggregate:<\/strong> Typical one-year shrinkage @ 0.047%.<\/p>\n

Limestone Aggregate:<\/strong> Typical one-year shrinkage @ 0.032%.<\/p>\n

With the high differential of movement between the various available raw materials used in concrete brick manufacture, it is imperative that the design for movement in a wall panel is specific to the shrinkage capacity of the concrete brick used and the requirements of the manufacturer should be followed. In all cases, site-specific advice should be obtained from the manufacturer before work begins.<\/p>\n

Materials<\/h3>\n

Concrete bricks must display a CE marking. The use of non-CE concrete bricks must be referred back to the technical services team for consideration.<\/p>\n

Concrete bricks must be adequately cured before delivery to site. Excess moisture introduced into the brick will result in a higher shrinkage rate.\u00a0Bricks must be kept dry while storing on-site and stacking out. Bricks should not be wetted before laying and incomplete brickwork should be protected from the rain and snow as this will minimise the risk of shrinkage and efflorescence leaching from around the mortar joints.<\/p>\n

Thermal movement<\/h3>\n

South-facing walls, particularly those built of dark coloured bricks, are more susceptible to thermal movement than other elevations. Whereas a simple contraction joint may suffice in more sheltered elevations, joints for southern-facing elevations should have movement joints that are capable of responding to both expansion and contraction.<\/p>\n

Mortar<\/h3>\n

The mortar should be suitable for use and the specific strength of the mortar used on-site should be accounted for in the design. Stronger mortars have higher shrinkage values and care should be taken to ensure the correct grade of mortar is specified and used. An M4 mortar is generally most appropriate; however, due to safety factors incorporated by mortar suppliers, the onsite M4 mix has the potential to have an increased strength. The mortar manufacturer\u2019s supply documents must verify that the mortar is an M4 quality (or whichever is required for the specific situation) and ensure the mortar mix is not a stronger mix due to safety factors.<\/p>\n

\"ConcreteDissimilar materials<\/h3>\n

In certain instances, different masonry materials may be combined within the same elevations. In the case of clay bricks, which have expansive properties, and concrete bricks, which may shrink slightly, it is important to make provision for this differential movement.<\/p>\n

Where, for example, a clay brick is used up to DPC level and a concrete brick built as the superstructure then the DPC itself may act as a slip plane and allow the differential movement to occur. This can be dependent on the dead load on the DPC and a structural engineer\u2019s advice should be sought. In all cases, provision should be made to ensure structural stability.<\/p>\n

If two dissimilar materials are mixed on one elevation then slip planes should be introduced or bed joint reinforcement incorporated to dissipate the areas of tensile stress. Again, a structural engineer\u2019s advice should be sought and provision must be made to ensure that structural stability is not compromised.<\/p>\n

Position of movement joints<\/h3>\n

External wall leafs of concrete brickwork should be designed as a series of panels separated by movement joints to control contraction. The degree of movement is dependent upon unit type and, as a rule, vertical joints to accommodate horizontal movement should be provided at intervals of 6m. The ratio of length to height of the panels should generally not exceed 3:1 (BS 5628).<\/p>\n

The superstructure should be viewed as a series of panels (Figure 1). For example, in elevations where window openings are wide in comparison to their height, leaving long low areas of masonry such as Fig 1 panel 1 and 2, or where those types of openings are stacked above each other, this may result in the brick panels in between the windows being less than 6m metres but exceeding the 3:1 ratio. In these instances, inclusion of vertical joints in line with the jambs may need to be considered, or alternatively bed joint reinforcement introduced to dissipate the stresses within the panel (Figure 2).<\/p>\n

Particular care should be taken with openings greater than 1.5m in width, especially where they are placed directly above each other. In this case, the panel may not exceed 6m or the 3:1 ratio but can be subject to stresses from the larger areas of brickwork adjacent to the openings. In these cases, bed joint reinforcing should be introduced above and below the openings (Fig 2 and 3). The bed joint reinforcement should generally extend 600mm past the openings and must not extend through any movement joint. Care must be taken to ensure the bed reinforcement is installed in the correct brick courses as per the brick manufacturer\u2019s recommendations. The reinforcement should be of the ladder\/lattice type as opposed to the expanded mesh version.<\/p>\n

While this bed joint reinforcement will assist in the prevention of potential cracking, it is not a complete alternative to movement joints and these should still be provided at the appropriate locations.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.premierguarantee.co.uk\/blog\/technical-advice\/accounting-for-movement-in-concrete-bricks\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

John Gilbert<\/strong><\/p>\n

Technical Standards Manager<\/p>\n

Premier Guarantee<\/p>\n

Tel: +44 (0)8444 120 888<\/p>\n

info@premierguarantee.co.uk<\/a><\/p>\n

www.premierguarantee.co.uk<\/a><\/p>\n

Twitter: @PG_Live<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Please note this article is a commercial profile<\/em><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Premier Guarantee Technical Standards Manager, John Gilbert, highlights the measures you can take to account for movement of concrete bricks in your projects<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304],"tags":[572,779,390],"stakeholder_rel_tag":[172501],"contributor_rel_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-35223","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-planning-construction-news","7":"tag-housebuilding","8":"tag-pbc-today-october-2017","9":"tag-sh-premier-guarantee","10":"stakeholder_rel_tag-premier-guarantee"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAccounting for Movement of Concrete Bricks | Planning, Building & Construction 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When she\u2019s not working hard on cranking out first-class content for our online viewers to enjoy, she\u2019s keeping our social media lively and up to date\u2026 you could call her a social media guru? We\u2019re sure she\u2019d like that. With a BA in English and Journalism, Steph isn\u2019t fazed by attention to detail; on the contrary, she enjoys getting her teeth into a good article. In her downtime Steph loves nothing more than getting together with friends to enjoy a few (several) gin and tonics. Think you\u2019ve got some content Steph would be interested in? 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